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主题:【讨论】美国,你做错了什么? -- 东方射日

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家园 谢谢您的推荐

说实在的,您要不给出链接我肯定不会去读这么长的文章的。太懒了,不自觉。看来学习还是有点压力的好啊。

不过看了文章以后大乐。原来我的三角形居然和“古人”心有戚戚焉。

In Europe, with a strong traditional class-structure, historians and social scientists identified the political spectrum on the basis of class, with left, right and center representing the working, upper and middle classes. … The most usual ideologies of left, right and center were socialism, conservatism and liberalism.[9]

Friedrich Hayek wrote that it was incorrect to represent the political spectrum as a line with socialists on the left, conservatives on the right and liberals in the middle. Instead he suggested seeing each group as pulling at the corner of a triangle.

哈耶克哎,当然俺是比人家晚了50年。不过也不错了。莫非我是抄袭?我是真不记得我以前读过类似的东西。不过也可能读过,忘了,然后换个马甲回到脑子里,感觉是自己又发明了一遍。嗯,那简直是一定的了。

他还说

In the United States however the difference between conservatives and liberals was obscured by the fact that it was possible to defend individual liberty by defending established institutions, as the American tradition was liberal. He thought that the attempt to transplant the European type of conservatism to America had created confusion in viewing the political spectrum as had the tendency of American radicals and socialists to call themselves liberals.[15]

这都是1960年的文章,现在美国这种自由派和保守派的念也都在变化。肯定没有共和党人叫自己是liberal了,你要这么说他等于是骂他。

Wiki的这片文章又提到了中右和极右的概念。中右就是保守+经济自由主义,极右是纳粹、法西斯。但是共产主义并不在此类。也没有讨论相应的中左、极左的概念。

整个文章都没有对社会主义国家及其内部的派别再进行新的左右定位。其实好象是这样的。中文文章中分析美国的政治势力时,保守派/自由派和右翼/左翼这些词都在用。但是我好象不记得美国人在政论中谈到中国的政治势力时用左翼和右翼的称呼。他们只是用自由主义者和保守势力这样的说法。您的体会呢?

其实我也是觉得保守派/自由派的提法比左右的说法更明确。但是不管怎么说,从这个三角形的框架来看您右派的帽子是摘不掉了。

最后说一句,什么事情都是可以讨论的。我可能喜欢给您戴帽子,不过这只是借用其中的概念,并不是做价值判断。望见谅。

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