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主题:【原创】美国视角1: 中国在朝鲜战争中的角色 -- 爱吃肉的兔子

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家园 【原创】美国视角2: 美国空军的作用评估(下)

继续。篇尾小节并预测一下台湾海峡的美军战术。

Lack of sufficient ammunition further exacerbated the CPVFs inferiority in firepower

and directly affected the outcome of its offensives by greatly reducing its abilities to annihilate enemy formations. Though the Chinese proved highly adept at infiltrating and isolating UNC units, they were rarely able to eliminate them.This deficiency manifests itself again and again throughout the Chinese 3rd, 4th and 5th offensives.

缺少足够的弹药补给进一步恶化了中国军队火力上的劣势地位,也直接影响到中国军队进攻作战的成果,极大的削弱了中国军队歼灭敌人战斗部队的能力。尽管中国军队有高超的穿插包围联合国军队的能力和技巧,他们却很少有机会歼灭敌人。这个缺陷,在中国人第三,第四和第五次进攻性战役里,越来越突出。

During the 3rd offensive, the Chinese 39th Army isolated the ROKA 1st Infantry Division

but was unable to either eliminate it or prevent its withdrawal. The Chinese 39th and 40th Armies experienced the same result in their confrontation with the ROKA 6th Infantry Division. The CPVF did achieve some successes, though these would be the last victories of this type for some time to come. The British 29th Brigade suffered the loss of thirty-one tanks as a result of their encounter with the Chinese 149th Infantry Division. The Chinese 42nd and 66th Armies succeeded in eliminating the 31st and 32nd ROKA Regiments (ROKA 2nd Infantry Division), as well as a regiment of the ROKA 5th Infantry Division. They also captured over sixty ROKA artillery pieces.

在第三次中国军队发起的攻击作战中,39军孤立了韩国第一步兵师,但却未能歼灭也未能阻止他们的逃脱。中国军队39和40军在和韩国第六步兵师作战时再一次尝到同样的苦涩结果。中国军队确实获得了一些成功,但在之后,这些胜利将会是最后一次。这些战绩有,英国第29旅被志愿军149步兵师攻击并损失了31辆坦克。中国军队的42和66军也成功歼灭了韩国第二步兵师的31和32团,附加韩国第五步兵师的一个团。他们还缴获了至少60门韩国军队的火炮。

The 4th and 5th offensives saw no CPVF elimination of any major UNC combat

formations. Though the CPVF captured 7,800 UNC soldiers, it allowed the U.S. 2nd Infantry

Division, as well as the ROKA 3rd and 5th Infantry Divisions to escape. The battle for Chipyongni is the most prominent example of the CPVFs failure to pin and destroy UNC units. The 23rd U.S. Infantry Regiment, with the support of a battalion of French infantry, an artillery battalion and twenty tanks, successfully resisted all CPVF attempts to reduce its positions. Finally, during the 5th offensive, the combined forces of the 20th CPVF Army and the NKPA 5th Corps isolated the ROKA 5th and 7th Infantry Divisions but failed to eliminate them prior to their escape.

中国军队第四和第五次战役没有获得任何突出的歼灭联合国军队的记录。尽管中国军队俘虏了7800名联合国军人,美军第二步兵师,韩国第三和第五步兵师都成功逃跑。邸平里战斗是一个经典战役,这里中国军队没有钉住并消灭联合国军。美军第23步兵团,在一个法国步兵营的支援下,依靠一个炮兵营和20辆坦克,成功的顶住了中国军队所有的攻势。最后,在中国军队的第五次战役中,中国军队20军和朝鲜人民共和国第五军团又一次孤立了韩国第五和第七步兵师,但再一次在歼灭前让他们逃脱。

These deficiencies were the direct result of Maos exaggeration of CPVF and NKPA

abilities. Likewise, he grossly under estimated the abilities of the UNC. Though Peng and his

subordinate commanders quickly developed a healthy respect for the UNC forces opposing them, Mao refused to acknowledge the CPVFs difficulties and continued to urge them on. The result was an ever-increasing reduction in the combat capabilities of the CPVF at a time when China needed these qualities most. The UNCs expanding forces and capabilities now forced China to the negotiating table.

这些缺陷是毛泽东主席高估了中国和朝鲜军队能力的直接结果。同样的,他也严重低估了联合国军的作战能力 (注: 作者很有趣,引用了毛的说法: 纸老虎,paper tiger和 走狗,running dog,在介绍部分)。尽管彭德怀元帅和他的下属指挥官们很快(承认并)尊重作为敌人的联合国军(注: 其实是美军),但毛拒绝承认中国军队面对的困难并持续要求(进攻),结果是中国军队作战能力的不断丧失,尤其是当中国最需要这些高质量军人的时候。联合国军膨胀的力量和能力现在迫使中国不得不坐在谈判桌前。

点评一下: 主席对朝鲜战场的醒悟要远远比上士先生说得来的快的多,主席后期的指示是 “零敲牛皮糖”,主席和彭总确实意识到由于火力的差距,我方一口吃掉美军的整团整师不现实。五次战役后我方的战术战斗特点是有很大改变的。这个大概被上士视而不见了。当然,作为失败的一方,这么说一下是完全可以理解的。

对上士论文的概要总结就此结束。

现在我提一下对台湾海峡未来战争的描述:

按照上士的说法,美国是尊重中国陆军的陆权的,“中国军队有高超的穿插包围联合国军队的能力和技巧,他们却很少有机会歼灭敌人”,今天的中国军队未必缺少火力。后勤也未必是大问题,台湾的天气让美国指望严寒的帮忙也不现实,美军最大的优势就是海军和空军。作者原文还提到中国军队在朝鲜发起五次战役的原因是害怕美军的两栖登陆,不得不以攻为守。

但对于中国军队来讲,最可怕是美国的空中优势和海上力量,对美国人来说,这个优势即使是60年后的今天,还是没有变。假设中国军队登陆台湾后,美国如果切断并攻击大陆的登陆舰艇,中国军队的火力和后勤支援恐怕未必比朝鲜战场好多少,恐怕还会更恶劣。因为没有朝鲜战场的陆地和山野,割断海峡甚至可以来得更简单。美国空军和海军是可以让大陆一线部队陷入弹尽粮绝的处境的,美国不会忽略它的空军对大陆后继部队的杀伤和隔断作用。假想一下,38, 39 和40军被歼灭的后果,恐怕任何一个大陆领导人都只有倒台的下场。

其实对我方最简单的方法是:我们还是有陆权的,朝鲜,伊朗,阿富汗都还是可以交换点东西的。那里的美军可以做人质。毛主席说你打你的,我打我的。所以,我的建议是38,39和40军可以用在东北亚和中亚方向的。

对大陆来说,台湾海峡拖一下是没有坏处的。从纯军事角度讲,现在我们仍然没有走处朝鲜战争的影响。

待续,下一篇讲讲美国军队几个退伍老兵对朝鲜战场的回忆。

关键词(Tags): #美国视角#朝鲜战争# 美国空军#美国视角(嘉英)#韩战(嘉英)#美国空军(嘉英)通宝推:国林风,

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