主题：苹果已死，脸书当立？ -- 大山猫

It has been repeated several times in the history and also mentioned in the strategy book: it is about the specific capital investment that's only useful in a new emerging industry.

In a new emerging industry where players are few and technical specifications have not been optimized, usually an innovator must adopt a vertifically integrated strategy: it means that it will have to invest in both key supplier industry as well as downstream distribution business.

In early years of Ford, its car production line was integrated with steel sheet production capacity and the line started with iron ore and ends with a final car.

In Tesla's case, any charging station based on traditional technology is not going to serve its new car well. And more importantly, nobody wants to make this kind of investment because it is so SPECIFIC: very difficult for independent third-party to earn return back.

Tesla thus must invest in charging business in order to support its main business: electric car making.