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主题：旁边的不到20分钟车程的小区竟发生了轰动全美的大事 -- 肥猫
家园 旁边的不到20分钟车程的小区竟发生了轰动全美的大事 这几天广播电视网上铺天盖地的都有报道。先把中文和英文版的新闻贴在下面。
中文版
http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2012-03/21/c_111684682.htm
美白人协警“正当防卫”射杀手无寸铁17岁非洲裔少年
警方拒绝逮捕引发全国争议，司法部介入调查
美国司法部１９日晚宣布，将调查佛罗里达州一名白人协警射杀手无寸铁的非洲裔少年一案。当地警方先前以正当防卫为由拒绝逮捕这名协警，触发民众不满，案件最终成为全国关注的争议话题。
枪杀
上月２６日晚，现年２８岁的“义务警员”乔治齐默尔曼，在佛罗里达州桑福德一个居民区巡逻，认定一名非洲裔少年形迹可疑。拨打“９１１”报警电话后，齐默尔曼开始跟踪并与少年对峙，然后开枪打死对方。
根据警方上周公布的电话录音，齐默尔曼当时报告发现“一名可疑人员”非法闯入居民区，“看上去不怎么好”。
警方调度员询问齐默尔曼是否跟踪对方，得到肯定回答后，告知齐默尔曼“我们不需要你这么做”。
齐默尔曼显然执意跟踪。居民随后报警电话的录音记录下两声枪响和居民尖叫。
事后调查发现，非洲裔少年特雷冯马丁（右图）１７岁，当时到附近一家便利店为弟弟买完糖果，正准备走进亲友家门，身上没有携带任何武器。
争议
桑福德警方事后拒绝逮捕涉案协警，理由是齐默尔曼声称开枪属于正当防卫，受法律保护。
佛州刑事诉讼专家戴维希尔认为，警方已经确认没有证据质疑齐默尔曼正当防卫的说法，如果控方找不到目击者证人提出疑义，寻求让齐默尔曼接受法律制裁的努力难度不小。
齐默尔曼得以“逍遥”，让当地一些民众愤怒。巴里大学法学院学生卡尔麦克费尔认为，齐默尔曼不顾警方调度员指示，执意跟踪并打死马丁，不能算自卫：“我不认为，一个被要求待在车里、但继续发动汽车的人能宣称自卫。”
另一些居民怀疑齐默尔曼枪杀少年牵扯种族主义。旅馆业主琳达蒂尔曼说，“你会觉得桑福德还活在十九世纪，打死一个手无寸铁的男孩会被称作自卫”。
介入
美联社报道，美国黑人民权运动领袖阿尔沙普顿定于２０日晚参加桑福德市举行的一次会议，研究当局调查过程是否存在问题。
美国一个名为“变革”(Change.org)的请愿活动网站介绍，截至１９日，网站征集到４３.５万网民签名，包括电影导演和音乐人等名流，呼吁逮捕齐默尔曼。这是网站设立以来规模第三大请愿活动。
美国司法部１９日晚发表声明，“将全面而独立地调查所有证据，依据调查结论采取适当行动”。
ENGLISH
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/17/us/justice-department-investigation-is-sought-in-florida-teenagers-shooting-death.html?ref=opinion#
Justice Department Investigation Is Sought in Florida Teenager’s Shooting Death
By LIZETTE ALVAREZ
Published: March 16, 2012
MIAMI — Nearly three weeks after an unarmed teenager was killed in a small city north of Orlando, stirring an outcry, a few indisputable facts remain: the teenager, who was black, was carrying nothing but a bag of Skittles, some money and a can of iced tea when he was shot. The neighborhood crime watch volunteer who got out of his car and shot him is white and Hispanic. He has not been arrested and is claiming self-defense.
Beyond that, however, little is clear about the Feb. 26 shooting death of Trayvon Martin, 17.
As criticism of the police investigation mounts, so too do the calls for swift action in a case with heavy racial overtones. Protests grow larger each week, and lawyers for the family are now asking the Department of Justice to intervene. The case also brings into sharp focus Florida’s self-defense laws, which give people who feel threatened greater latitude in defending themselves than most states.
The police in of Sanford, where the shooting took place, are not revealing details of the investigation. Late Friday night, after weeks of pressure, the police played the 911 calls in the case for the family and gave copies to the news media. On the recordings, one shot, an apparent warning or miss, is heard, followed by a voice begging or pleading, and a cry. A second shot is then heard, and the pleading stops.
“It is so clear that this was a 17-year-old boy pleading for his life, and someone shot him in cold blood,” said Natalie Jackson, one of the Martin family lawyers.
The police maintain that under state law they cannot arrest George Zimmerman, the 28-year-old neighborhood watch volunteer who was licensed to carry a concealed weapon, without probable cause. They turned the case over to the Seminole County state attorney this week.
A few neighborhood residents who say they heard a disturbance were interviewed by the police. But now two witnesses are coming forward to say their interviews were cursory, a charge the police department denies.
“The evidence doesn’t establish so far that Mr. Zimmerman did not act in self-defense,” Chief Bill Lee of the Sanford police said this week, responding to why Mr. Zimmerman had not been arrested. He said he would welcome a federal investigation. “We don’t have anything to dispute his claim of self-defense at this point.”
Florida’s self-defense law, known as Stand Your Ground, grants immunity to people who act to protect themselves if they have a reasonable fear they will be killed or seriously injured.
“Stand Your Ground is a law that has really created a Wild West type environment in Florida,” said Brian Tannebaum, a criminal defense lawyer in Florida. “It allows people to kill people outside of their homes, if they are in reasonable fear for their lives. It’s a very low standard.”
For Trayvon’s parents, the situation does not add up. They want Mr. Zimmerman arrested and the normal criminal justice process to begin.
“Everybody is outraged,” said Tracy Martin, Trayvon’s father. “There is no justice in this. The public is outraged because my son only had snacks in his pocket, no weapon whatsoever, not even a fingernail file. For him to be murdered by someone who weighs more than 100 pounds than him, more than 10 years older than him, this is an outrage.”
Echoing a view held by many blacks in Sanford and elsewhere, the family’s lawyer, Benjamin Crump, said the police appeared to be protecting Mr. Zimmerman.
“Had Trayvon been the person who was the triggerman, they would have arrested him from Day 1 and they wouldn’t have given him bail and he would be sitting in jail,” Mr. Crump said. “Zimmerman is free and sleeping in his own bed at night.”
Frustration also grew after the parents said they had been told by detectives that Mr. Zimmerman had a “squeaky clean” record. They knew this, the detectives said, because Mr. Zimmerman told them. But Mr. Zimmerman had been arrested in 2005 on charges of resisting arrest with violence and battery on a police officer. The charges were later dropped.
The police said it took them some time to run the check.
“A criminal background check was conducted within 12 to 24 hours after we got the call,” Sgt. David Morgenstern said.
Mr. Zimmerman lives in the predominantly white gated community where the shooting took place. A criminal justice major in college, he often patrolled the streets in his car. In the last 14 months, Mr. Zimmerman had made 46 calls to the police, officials said, reporting everything from alarms and disturbances to reckless driving and, most commonly, a “suspicious” person.
That night, he saw Trayvon, a tall Miami high school junior, shortly after 7 p.m. with the hood of his sweatshirt over his head, the police said. Trayvon had returned from a convenience store and was headed for his father’s girlfriend’s house, where he was staying.
Mr. Zimmerman trailed Trayvon in his car and placed a call to the police. The dispatcher told him to stay in his car and said the police would be on the way. But Mr. Zimmerman got out.
The two got into a struggle that was partly overheard by a few neighbors. Mr. Zimmerman wound up with a bloody nose and a cut to the back of his head. Trayvon was shot in the chest.
Mary Cutcher and her roommate said they heard Trayvon pleading. Then they heard a gunshot. They rushed outside and saw Mr. Zimmerman standing over the teenager. Ms. Cutcher said she did not think it was self-defense and added that the police took only a brief statement, despite her efforts to go into detail.
In a statement Thursday, the police said her statement to them matched Mr. Zimmerman’s.
这里先需要更补充和澄清两点，
乔治齐默尔曼并不是白人而是肤色较浅的西班牙裔。他不是由政府部门任命雇佣的所谓“协警”，而是100%的Volunteer。 说白了就是一个好管闲事好打911的小区居民。如果国内的报道是直接翻译自美国媒体，“美白人协警“正当防卫”射杀手无寸铁17岁非洲裔少年”的标题则有故意扭曲事实之嫌。
佛罗里达是美国枪支管制最宽松的州之一。买枪和获得随身持枪证都非常容易（小弟对此无怨言）。法律上对正当防卫也明显偏向防卫一方。在冲突中你如果杀了人并被证明是正当防卫，非但不用坐牢，连民事诉讼都免了。但如果冲突是有你引起的，正当防卫的权利则无效。
美国每年死于枪下的数以万计，为何这次会掀起如此大波呢？仔细分析起来，这桩案例正好比是同时捅了美国社会最大的几个的马蜂窝：警察暴力和低效，枪支控制和正当防卫，以及种族主义。
美国民间对警察素有怨言。抱怨的一方面是警察滥用暴力，侵害公民合法权利（比如动不动就给无辜的黑哥们一顿老拳或穿上几十个透明窟窿之类），另一方面又是警察办事低效，对犯罪打击不力 （如报警后半天不到，有犯罪迹象却不作为之类的）。这次当地警方对这死了人的命案处理明显的过于草率。从种种迹象看来，齐默尔曼很难说是100%清白的。马丁手无寸铁，也没有前科，事发时也没有醉酒或使用毒品。齐默尔曼在报警后，被911接线员建议不要跟踪马丁，却一意孤行，最终出了人命。事实真相就算是按齐默尔曼自己说的，是他下车后被马丁攻击后才开的枪，这个冲突本来也是可以避免的。仅仅依据齐默尔曼本人的自诉和现场的并不是那么强的物证， 是无法证明他开枪前受到了马丁的可能会造成重大伤害的攻击的。现在黑人社区直指SANFORD的警局不作为草菅人命。刚刚看到的消息，警察局长已宣布“暂时”离职了。
枪支管理是美国经久不息的热门话题。这次果不出所料，就有里菠萝禁枪活动分子立刻就跳了出来了。里菠萝们又玩起了一把鼻涕一把眼泪的煽情表演。这帮伪君子们貌似同情枪击受害者和少数族裔，实则为自己的政治利益服务。这一点要扯就远了。希望佛州的议会和NRA能顶住。
此案的最大卖点不是“防卫过当”而是“杀了黑人没事”。以黑人问题为代表的种族问题在美国是根深蒂固，积重难返。一方面，黑人的低收入高犯罪问题，几乎没有解决的办法。年轻黑人的犯罪率更是不成比例的高，尤其是比起亚裔来。
外链图片需谨慎，可能会被源头改
外链图片需谨慎，可能会被源头改
外链图片需谨慎，可能会被源头改
外链图片需谨慎，可能会被源头改如果说美国人对华裔男性的刻板印象是“懦弱，书呆子，不会当领导，能做技术活和开中餐馆”之类的话，对黑人男性的刻板印象那就差了几个光年。在日常生活中正当场合里出于政治正确，多数美国人基本上不会讨论或批评黑人。一到私下或网上狐狸尾巴就出来了。一提到黑人男性，最常听到的字眼就“野蛮”，“低智商”，“暴力”，“歹徒”，“贼”，“罪犯”，“管生不管养”。
前几个月，我去附近一车行修车，跟一个白人师傅还谈得很欢。这哥们在佛州住了多年，对当地的掌故熟悉的很，一说到黑人就直骂。他说二十年前他刚来这区时还没有什么黑人，这里安全的很，入室盗窃都很少听说。现在好了，黑人搬来了，光天化日下持枪抢7/11的事一年就好多次。环境越来越脏，学区的学校越来越差，房价逆势下跌（2007前），白人都渐渐的搬出去了。这种对黑人的负面态度在白人中绝对是主流，即使他们表面不承认。而西班牙裔由于与黑人经常同在一个社会阶层和地区，相互间有对有限的工作机会和社会福利的竞争关系，对黑人甚至比白人可能还要歧视。
公平的说，尽管黑人犯罪率高，多数人还是好人。我这十几年里认识的几个黑人朋友人都不错，性格普遍比较直接和乐观，乐于助人，感觉上比白人还好交往。但由于这超高的犯罪率，黑人男子，尤其是青年男子，在日常生活中就统统背上了这天生嫌疑犯的沉重十字架。不管你是不是好人，天天都要面对别人尤其是警察怀疑的目光。在一样开车的条件下，黑人被警察拦下的概率最高。在街上做一样的事如仅仅是闲逛，黑人被别人打911的机会要高的多。
马丁被击毙后，身上并无赃物和武器，凶手竟逍遥法外。美国的黑人社区一下找到了个能出受了多年的鸟气的孔，反应强烈自是预料之中，肯定不会善罢甘休。
小弟的预言是迫于黑人的压力和政客的介入，齐默尔曼很有可能被审判。至于会不会判有罪，有CASEY ANTHONY 的例子在前，佛州的事谁也说不准。
补：谁TMD说9MM的子弹杀不死人应该让自己的脑子给打一下。
家园 最新消息起诉谋杀了 虽然只是二级也足够终身监禁的了。
家园 逆流而进是终究要完蛋的 在公共教育无差别普及的美国，在各种政府职位和公立大学招生名额都向黑人倾斜的美国。黑人的表现只有一个解释：在进化的路上已经进了岔道了。
家园 法制的下场，以及尚武精神 首先声明，我的屁股在警方一边。
其次声明，法制的下场就是Ｐ民无权。
第三声明，尚武精神。
－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
美国的“正当防卫”“Self-Defense Laws”是如何运作的呢？
第一个概念是“Duty to retreat”。This principle required that someone who found themselves in a violent confrontation had to try to defuse the situation and retreat "to the wall" before resorting to deadly force.
也就是说如果“正当防卫”需要使用“Deadly force”，必需是在退无可退的状况下。
第二个概念是“Castle Doctrine”。U.S. Supreme Court Justice Benjamin Cardozo explained in 1914: "It is not now and never has been the law that a man assailed in his own dwelling is bound to retreat. If assailed there, he may stand his ground and resist the attack. He is under no duty to take to the fields and the highways, a fugitive from his own home."
这个概念的意思就是“Your home is your castle”。也就是在你自己的家里，你被视为已经无路可退。所以遇到入室危险，你可以使用“Deadly force”作为“正当防卫”。
这两个概念运行了很多，很多年了。
Deadly force was only permitted as a last resort. The basic idea was simple: If more people backed down, retreated or stepped aside, fewer people would be killed.
The "duty to retreat" also made it easier for prosecutors to prove that a killing was not in self-defense. The facts that can be proven are often murky (particularly when of the two people who know what happened, one is the defendant and the other is dead) and prosecutors could often, by pointing to a defendant's failure to retreat, obtain a conviction even without establishing the precise facts.
法律是在不断演化的。美国各个州也大不相同。
第三个概念是“Stand your ground”。用我的话说就是“尚武精神”，也就是不需要主动退让。“Stand your ground”这个概念被从“家”延伸开来，甚至于到了公共场所，比如酒吧等。
回到 FLORIDA ２００５年。
The law states that a person "who is attacked" anywhere he is lawfully present has "no duty to retreat and has the right to stand his or her ground and meet force with force, including deadly force if he or she reasonably believes it is necessary to do so to prevent death or great bodily harm."
Importantly, a person cannot invoke this provision if he is "engaged in unlawful activity" or "initially provokes the use of force against himself." Finally, in Florida, once self-defense becomes an issue at trial, the prosecution must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant did not act in self-defense.
警方如何处理，如何对待这个“正当防卫”事件，在我看来并无不妥。
“司法独立”嘛！当然，老百姓不满意。
美国人不讲“为人民服务”。至于“黑”与“白”的问题。
我是反对种族歧视的。
当然很多人喜欢数字。其实那么较真，有必要嘛？数字根本不能说明任何问题。我们不应该被数字误导。
美国的数据没有查，多伦多这个是公开的。
http://www.torontopolice.on.ca/majors.php
家园 Zimmerman，很典型的德国名字。 这哥儿们祖上不是纯西裔吧。
家园 我听这名字首先想到犹太人 似乎很多来自德国的犹太人叫这名。由此联想起多年前纽约犹太青年伯纳德盖茨，在地铁上枪击两黑孩，曰自卫。后判无罪。
家园 9mm 够猛了~ 尤其如果还是hollow point的话~ 那个谁谁谁总统不还是给.22 刺杀的么~
家园 不是警察的话为什么警长要下台呢 家园 因为警方没有立刻逮捕他 警方说没有充分理由实行逮捕。
现在事情闹大了，就先拿他出来顶一下。
家园 南加的黑人已经怂了 虽然当年的洛杉矶暴乱也很厉害。现在的黑帮都是墨西哥人控制。据警察局的说法是南加的毒品都是墨西哥那边过来的，黑人黑帮不听话，墨西哥的毒品源就提价，让黑人无钱可赚。有个电影crash挺有意思的，也是写的各种族群在LA地区的“互动”。
家园 俺觉得吧，这个案子里警察真没啥过错来着 开枪的那人不是警察，而且也不是警察要他开枪的，同时警察其实已经告诉他不让他追踪了.....
So，那些人抗议警察干吗？警察局长又为啥要暂时辞职？