主题：【原创】受人启发想把wiki 上面关于西藏的部分给大家翻译一下 -- 中国陈

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The Mongols and Yuan Dynasty - 蒙古人和元朝

At the end of the 1230s, the Mongols turned their attention to Tibet. At that time, Mongol armies had already conquered Northern China, much of Central Asia, and were operating in Russia and what is now Ukraine. The Tibetan nobility, however, was fragmented and mainly occupied with internal strife. Göden, a brother of Güyük, entered the country with military force in 1240. A second invasion led to the submission of almost all Tibetan states. In 1244, Göden ordered the Sakya Pandita to meet him in Liangzhou, and in 1247 Sakya became the Mongolian representative in Tibet. Sakya was accompagnied by two of his nephews: Chana Dorje (Phyag-na Rdo-rje) would later marry a daughter of Kublai Khan, and Phagpa would become Kublai's spiritual teacher. Although there was another Mongol expedition into Tibet in 1251/52, generally speaking the Tibetan experience with the Mongols was much less traumatic than that of other peoples.

1230年代末，西藏开始经进入蒙古人的视野。那时蒙古军队已经征服了中国北部和中亚大部，铁蹄正践踏着俄罗斯和现在属于乌克兰的土地。西藏上层贵族那时则忙着内斗。1240年，贵由（牛腰：窝阔台的继承人）的幼弟阔端进攻西藏（牛腰：应该是阔端派遣了大将多尔达赤带兵进藏）。（蒙古人的）第二次出征征服了西藏的大部诸侯国。1244年，阔端命令萨迦班智达到凉州同他见面。1247年，萨迦班智达成为蒙古势力在西藏的代理人。有两个人陪伴着培萨迦班智达完成了他的凉州之行：日后迎娶了忽必烈女儿的恰纳多吉和日后被忽必烈封为“帝师”的八思巴。虽然蒙古在1951-52年间再次入侵西藏，藏人在蒙古人手下的遭遇远没有其他民族那么惨烈。

On the other hand, Tibetan lamas would gain considerable influence in different Mongol clans, not only with Kublai, but for example also with the Il-Khanids. Kublai's success in succeeding Möngke as Great Khan meant that after 1260, Phagpa and the House of Sakya would only wield greater influence. Phagpa became head of all Buddhist monks in the Yuan empire, and Sakya would become the administrative center of Tibet. The lamaist clergy would receive considerable financial support, at the cost of mainly the Chinese areas ruled by the Yuan Dynasty. Tibet would also enjoy a rather high degree of autonomy compared to other parts of the Yuan empire, though further expeditions took place in 1267, 1277, 1281 and 1290/91.

西藏喇嘛在蒙古诸国（包括窝阔台汗国和伊尔汗国）取得了可观的影响力。1260年，忽必烈成功地继承了蒙哥留下的汗位，使得八思巴和萨迦班智达一系的影响力变得更加深远。八思巴成为元帝国的佛教首领，萨迦班智达则获得统治西藏的权利（牛腰：西藏从这时起正式纳入中国版图，成为一个行政区域，比1498年哥伦布第一次到达美洲早了二百多年）元帝国将从汉人统治区搜刮来的大量财富授于众喇嘛。虽然蒙古曾在1267年，1277年，1281年和1290-91年间多次在西藏内进行了军事行动，和元帝国的其他统治区相比，西藏获得了高度的自治权力。

直到自己动手才知道翻译这么长篇的东西有多累，楼主翻了那么多真不容易。不过我越庖代俎，希望楼主不会介意。