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主题：【求助】代友发帖询问美国签证问题 -- 观风望月
家园 【求助】代友发帖询问美国签证问题 有朋友在美国留学，但是现在经济形势不好，很难搞到工作签证，绿卡更是遥遥无期。最近从美国的报纸上看到代理搞定签证的广告，声称只要花钱就能给办理O1签证，一年后拿到绿卡。我感觉和北京那些卖进京指标的勾当有点像，但是毕竟是法律完善的美国，不知道这种事情靠不靠谱，风险有多大，有没有成功案例？
关键词(Tags): #签证 绿卡，家园 正如下面各贴所说，O1是一个独特的签证 O is for "Outstanding"
为这个签证要准备很多很强的申请材料，其工作量几乎与绿卡申请的EB1a/b途径相当。所以，除非绿卡对申请人有相当负面的影响，身在美国的外国人一般不会劳力费神地去换O1签证。对尚未入境的外国人，O1的独特优势在于没有期限。但是由于其巨大的工作量和使领馆面谈这一不确定因素，移民律师一般也不建议O1签证。
家园 这个可以再具体说说。 O1 签证，具体看uscis的网站，我摘录部分在这里。
O1分两种：
# O-1A: individuals with an extraordinary ability in the sciences, education, business, or athletics (not including the arts, motion pictures or television industry)# O-1B: individuals with an extraordinary ability in the arts or extraordinary achievement in motion picture or television industry
申请者需要满足的条件：
To qualify for an O-1 visa, the beneficiary must demonstrate extraordinary ability by sustained national or international acclaim and must be coming temporarily to the United States to continue work in the area of extraordinary ability.Extraordinary ability in the fields of science, education, business or athletics means a level of expertise indicating that the person is one of the small percentage who has risen to the very top of the field of endeavor.
Extraordinary ability in the field of arts means distinction. Distinction means a high level of achievement in the field of the arts evidenced by a degree of skill and recognition substantially above that ordinarily encountered to the extent that a person described as prominent is renowned, leading, or well-known in the field of arts.
To qualify for an O-1 visa in the motion picture or television industry, the beneficiary must demonstrate extraordinary achievement evidenced by a degree of skill and recognition significantly above that ordinarily encountered to the extent the person is recognized as outstanding, notable or leading in the motion picture and/or television field.
再看EB1A的条件
You must be able to demonstrate extraordinary ability in the sciences, arts, education, business, or athletics through sustained national or international acclaim. Your achievements must be recognized in your field through extensive documentation. No offer of employment is required....
You must meet 3 of 10 criteria* below, or provide evidence of a one-time achievement (i.e., Pulitzer, Oscar, Olympic Medal)
* Criteria for Demonstrating Extraordinary Ability
You must meet 3 out of the 10 listed criteria below to prove extraordinary ability in your field:
* Evidence of receipt of lesser nationally or internationally recognized prizes or awards for excellence
* Evidence of your membership in associations in the field which demand outstanding achievement of their members
* Evidence of published material about you in professional or major trade publications or other major media
* Evidence that you have been asked to judge the work of others, either individually or on a panel
* Evidence of your original scientific, scholarly, artistic, athletic, or business-related contributions of major significance to the field
* Evidence of your authorship of scholarly articles in professional or major trade publications or other major media
* Evidence that your work has been displayed at artistic exhibitions or showcases
* Evidence of your performance of a leading or critical role in distinguished organizations
* Evidence that you command a high salary or other significantly high remuneration in relation to others in the field
* Evidence of your commercial successes in the performing arts
粗体部分是不是都类似？呵呵。不管办O1还是办EB1A类的绿卡，基本上都是两类材料，一些“软”材料，比如推荐信等。另外就是一些“硬”材料，比如搞科研的人获得的奖，发的文章及其引用。这些在申请O1和EB1的时候会通用的。所以一般人在拿到O1后，会很快申请EB1。EB1类申请目前对中国大陆申请者没有排期限制，一年之内是可能拿到绿卡的。甚至，如果在申请EB1A绿卡时候，在第一步递交140表（绿卡申请表）过程中额外交premium process fee（加快费），第一步就可以在uscis收件后的15日（非工作日）内收到是否批准的答复（通常在3到6个月）。然后进行第二步的485表（身份转换申请表）递交。这一步通常3个月左右。所以最快能在拿到O1签证后的四个月左右拿到绿卡。
以前还可以申请EB2类的国家利益豁免 （NIW)。2005年刚开始的时候，该类申请对中国大陆申请者还没有排期问题。但是后来就不行了。如果你的朋友的出生地不在中国大陆（也不是印度），那么也可以走NIW。NIW的标准比EB1A要低，容易满足。同样一年内能拿绿卡。
只要不走美国的劳工部，没有排期限制，几个月内拿绿卡都是可能的。
家园 这里有个隐藏条件 你拿到O1后要立刻开始 EB1类的绿卡申请，那么一年内拿到绿卡是可能的。
O1签证是给 extraordinary ability的，EB1A类绿卡也是给有extraodinary ability的petitioner。所以申请材料上有可能共享。但是具体案例要具体分析。
家园 前一句“花钱就能给办O1”还算有可能 但是加上后一句的“一年后拿到绿卡”，基本上就可以确定他是个骗子了。
家园 "只要花钱就能给办理O1签证，一年后拿到绿卡。" 前半句或许可能，后半句肯定不靠谱。